Stem Cells
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult multipotent stem cell that originate from the mesoderm and are found in various human tissues, including bone marrow, fat, dental pulp, umbilical cord, placenta, and breast milk.

Characteristics
MSCs possess three key properties: self-renewal, multipotential differentiation potential, and low immunogenicity. Under specific induction conditions in vivo or in vitro, they can differentiate into various tissue cell types, including fat, bone, cartilage, muscle, tendon, ligament, nerve, liver, myocardium, and endothelium. They also secrete a variety of cytokines, exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, reparative, and immunomodulatory effects. They hold great potential for treating various systemic diseases, repairing aging-related damage to tissues and organs, improving sub-health, and promoting cosmetic and anti-aging treatments.

Clinical Applications
Clinical research on MSCs has been extensively conducted worldwide, achieving significant breakthroughs in treating graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), cardiovascular disease, cirrhosis, diabetes, neurological diseases, bone and joint injuries, and autoimmune diseases. They are also being extensively studied as gene therapy vectors and hold great promise for future development.

Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Recent decades of research have revealed that umbilical cord blood—the blood remaining in the placenta and umbilical cord after fetal delivery, cord ligation, and severance—contains abundant hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which can rebuild the human hematopoietic and immune systems. This type of blood can be used in combination with mesenchymal stem cells for transplantation to treat hematologic diseases, including hematologic malignancies (such as acute leukemia, chronic leukemia, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and lymphoma) and hemoglobinopathies (such as severe aplastic anemia and thalassemia), offering broad application prospects.